[摘要]“聰明”的組成要素是什么？該問(wèn)題沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。如今，我們傾向于認(rèn)為不能單一靠智商測(cè)試結(jié)果來(lái)判斷，因?yàn)檫@些測(cè)驗(yàn)只適用于測(cè)試獨(dú)立的心智能力，IQ值目測(cè)無(wú)法精確地預(yù)測(cè)整體智力。

There's no simple answer to what constitutes 'smart'. These days, we're inclined to think you can't go by intelligence quotient (IQ) results alone, because while these tests are great for measuring separate mental faculties, an IQ number doesn't seem to predict overall intelligence accurately enough.

“聰明”的組成要素是什么？該問(wèn)題沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。如今，我們傾向于認(rèn)為不能單一靠智商測(cè)試結(jié)果來(lái)判斷，因?yàn)檫@些測(cè)驗(yàn)只適用于測(cè)試獨(dú)立的心智能力，IQ值目測(cè)無(wú)法精確地預(yù)測(cè)整體智力。

Then there is also a measurement called general intelligence or 'g factor'. It was first described by English psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904, and refers to the phenomenon that children who tend to do well at one subject also tend to excel at others; in simple terms, there is a positive correlation between kids' performance in unrelated school tests, which is referred to as a 'positive manifold'.

有種測(cè)量方法叫作“一般智力（general intelligence）”或稱“g因素”。其最先由英國(guó)心理學(xué)家查爾斯·斯皮爾曼在1904年提出——指的是在一個(gè)學(xué)科上表現(xiàn)很好的兒童在其它科目上也可以超過(guò)其他人；簡(jiǎn)而言之，在無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的各種學(xué)校測(cè)驗(yàn)中，孩子們?cè)谶@些測(cè)試中的表現(xiàn)是相互聯(lián)系的，被看成是一種“正極相關(guān)”（positive manifold'）。

Another commonly cited and prestigious comparison system is PISA, which measures "the competencies of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics, and science (with a focus on mathematics) in 65 countries and economies", representing more than 80 percent of the world economy.

另一個(gè)常被人提到、富有盛名的比較系統(tǒng)是PISA（國(guó)際學(xué)生能力評(píng)估計(jì)劃），PISA測(cè)試“65個(gè)國(guó)家和經(jīng)濟(jì)體中15歲青少年在閱讀、數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)（以數(shù)學(xué)為中心）方面的能力”，受全球80%以上經(jīng)濟(jì)體的認(rèn)可。

According to the latest PISA from 2012, Shanghai-China students are the highest performers across the board, with above OECD-average scores in mathematics, reading, and science. You'll also find super-smart kids in Singapore, Hong Kong-China, Japan, Korea, and Finland.

根據(jù)2012年國(guó)際學(xué)生能力評(píng)估計(jì)劃（PISA）最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國(guó)上海的學(xué)生成績(jī)?nèi)蜃罡撸跀?shù)學(xué)、閱讀和科學(xué)方面得分超過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展組織（OECD）的平均水平。新加坡、中國(guó)香港、日本、朝鮮和芬蘭也有超級(jí)聰明的孩子。